Millennium
Development Goals and India
The
Millennium Declaration, made during the UN Millennium Summit on 8
September 2000, was
signed by 189
countries, including 147
Heads of State
and Government, and
included eight (8) Goals called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
These summarize the key
development goals embraced
by the main
international conferences and
world summits during the 1990s,
and are declarations of solidarity and determination of the world leaders to rid the world of poverty and
improve the lot of humanity. MDGs and rela ted targets and
indicators provide a
framework for planning
policy interventions and
benchmarks to monitor progress in human development and
poverty reduction.
Eighteen (18)
targets were set as quantitative
benchmarks for attaining
the 8 MDGs. India’s
MDG framework is
as per the
UNDG’s 2003 framework for monitoring of the 8 MDGs. Out
of the 18 targets, 12 targets (Target 1 to 11 and Target
18) are relevant
to India.
MDGs and Targets
MDG
1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
TARGET
1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015,
the proportion of people
whose income is
less than one
dollar a day (Percentage of Population below the
National Poverty Line is considered for India for statistical
tracking)
TARGET
2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
MDG
2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
TARGET
3: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a
full course of primary schooling
MDG
3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
TARGET
4 : Eliminate gender disparity in primary and
secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015
MDG
4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
TARGET
5 : Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Under- Five Morality Rate
MDG5
5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
TARGET
6 : Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and
2015, the maternal mortality ratio
MDG
6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES
TARGET
7 : Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
TARGET
8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the
incidence of malaria and other major disease
MDG
7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
TARGET
9: Integrate the principal of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and
reverse the loss of environmental
resources.
TARGET
10: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and
basic sanitatio
TARGET
11 : By 2020, to have achieved a significant
improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
MDG
8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
TARGET
18 : In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies,
especially information and
communications
MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty
and Hunger
Target
1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the
proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day
Faster
decline in poverty…
As
per the poverty estimates of 2011-12, India has already achieved the target
against the target
Target
2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from
hunger
Malnutrition continues to be a
major hurdle…
All-India trend
of the proportion
of underweight (severe
and moderate) children
below 3 years of age
shows India is going slow in eliminating the effect of malnourishment.
MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary
Education
Target
3: Ensure that by 2015 children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to
complete a full course of primary education
Universal primary education has
already been achieved…
the country
is now well
set to achieve
cent percent primary
education for children
in the primary
schooling age of 6-10 years ahead of 2015.
India
is likely to attain 100% Youth literacy (Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds) by
2015.
MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and
Empower Women
Target
4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by
2005, and in all levels of education no
later than 2015
Gender parity has already achieved
in primary education and the disparity in secondary education is set to
disappear shortly…
MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Target
5: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Under-five Mortality Rate
Child survival prospect looks up…
Given to
reduce U5MR to
42 per thousand
live births by
2015, India tends
to reach 50
by 2015 as
per the historical
trend, missing the
target by 8
percentage points. However, considering the sharper decline in
the recent years, the target is likely to be met.
As
per the historical trend IMR is likely to miss the 2015 target, however, the
faster decline in recent years indicates to narrowing the gap between the
target and the likely achievement in 2015. As
per the historical trend, India
is expected cover
about 89% children
in the age
group 12 -23 months
for immunisation against measles
by 2015 and thus likely to fall short of universal immunisation by about 11 percentage points.
MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health
Target
6: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal Mortality
Ratio
Bridge the gaps in ensuring safer
motherhood…
At
the historical pace of decrease, India tends to reach MMR of 139 per 100,000
live births by 2015, against the target of 109.
With
the existing rate of increase in deliveries by skilled personnel, the
achievement for 2015 is likely to be 62% only, which is far short of the
targeted universal coverage.
MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and
Other Diseases
Target
7: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Trend reversal in prevalence of
HIV/AIDS continues…
Target
8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major
diseases
Sustaining the reversing trends in
Prevalence of Malaria and TB is needed…
MDG 7: Ensure Environmental
Sustainability
Target 9:
Integrate the Principles
of Sustainable Development
into Country Policies
and Programmes and Reverse the
loss of Environmental Resources
There is
an increase in
forest cover by
about 1128 sq. km
between 2007 and
2011. The network of protected
areas in India, presently covers about 5.02 percent of the country’s total land
area.
As
per Census 2011, 67.4% households are using solid fuels for cooking.
Target
10: Halve, by 2015, the Proportion of People without Sustainable Access to Safe
Drinking Water and Basic Sanitation
Earlier achievement of safe
drinking water to all…
The target
of halving the
proportion of households
without access to
safe drinking water
sources from its 1990 level to be reached by 2015, has
already been attained by 2007-08, much before the target timeline. The
prevailing trend over time suggests
attainability of almost
cent percent coverage
of safe drinking
water by 2015,
including both rural and urban sectors.
Improved Sanitation facility still
eludes half the households…
It is
expected that at
the historical rate
of decline, India
may achieve to
reduce the proportion of households without any
sanitation, missing the target by about
5 percentage points.
MDG 8: Develop a Global Partnership
for Development
Target
18: In co-operation with the Private Sector, make available the benefits of new
technologies, especially Information and Communication
Overall
Teledensity (Number of Telephones per 100 population) shows a slight dip recently,
after the substantial progress made in the past…
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